Meanings of the word 'Islam'

The root of the word ISLAM is S-L-M, which has the following meanings [according to dictionaries]:

-Submission and obedience (to Allah)
-Humility, submissiveness and conformance (to the Laws of Allah) 
-Safety, security, immunity or freedom from evil or affliction of any kind
-Peace

Al-Islam is a way of life whereby one takes upon oneself what Allah Has ordained and His Messenger practically demonstrated and conveyed to the mankind. It entails total submission and obedience to Allah that leads one to  peace, and safety, security, immunity and freedom from evils and afflictions of any kind form within or without.

The meaning of the word 'islam' have been further elaborated in the Quran

Muslimeen vs. Mujrimeen

In 68:35 the word Muslimeen has been used in contrast to Mujrimeen. Mujrim is the one who commits an act of disobedience or violates the Law. So Muslim is the one who does not commit any act of disobedience to Allah or does not violate the Divine Law.

Muslimoon vs. Qasitoon

In 72:14, the word Muslimoon has been used in contrast to Qasitoon. Qasitoonare those who deviate or decline from the right course; who act unjustly, injuriously, wrongfully or tyrannically. So Muslimoon are those who always keep on the right course as prescribed by Allah and always act justly and rightfully.

Muslimeen vs. the arrogant

In 27:31, the word Muslimeen has been used in contrast to "the arrogant". So a Muslim is the one who is not arrogant but submits himself to the Laws of Allah

Muslim and Momin

Allah distinguishes "Muslim" from "Momin" [33:35, 66:5]. The one who believes in the Divine Law, is a believer [i.e. a Momin]. The one who conceals or rejects the Divine Law, is a non-believer or KAAFIR. The one who submits himself to the Divine Law and lives according to it, is a Muslim. The one who violates the Divine Laws is a Mujrim, or arrogant or deviator from the right path.
Just being a Momin is not enough. Allah Wants us to be Momin as well as Muslimi.e. a Believer in the Divine Laws as well as a Submitter to these Laws. According to 43:69, those who will qualify to enter Paradise will be Momins as well asMuslims i.e. they will not only believe in the Divine Laws but also abide by these Laws. According to 49:14, one is not qualified to consider himself Momin until he is a true believer from the heart even if he submits or surrender himself to the Laws of Allah.

The name 'Muslimeen' is given by Allah

According to 22:78, Allah has named us MUSLIMEEN yet we call ourselvesSunnis, Shias, Brelvis, Ahl-e-hadith etc. It is not only us whom Allah has named asMUSLIMEEN but also those who came before us and vowed to submit to Allah's Laws were also named MUSLIMEEN. But they, later on, changed their names and became "Jews" and "Christians".

[22:78] …He is the one who named you "MUSLIMEEN"…

Islam before Muhammad [p.b.u.h]

Islam did not come into being after the revelation to Muhammad [p.b.u.h] but it existed before the life of Muhammad [p.b.u.h]

Ibrahim [p.b.u.h] and Ismael [p.b.u.h] prayed to Allah to become Muslims [2:128]

[2:128] "Our Lord, make us Muslims [i.e. submitters] to You, and from our descendants let there be a community of Muslims [i.e. submitters] to You."

When Allah commanded Ibrahim [p.b.u.h] to submit [i.e. become a Muslim], he submitted [and became a Muslim] [2:131]

Ibrahim, Ismael, Ishaaq and Jacob were all Muslims [2:132-133, 3:67]

Another name of Jacob [p.b.u.h] was ISRAEL. So all Israelites were originallyMuslims then deviated from the right path

The Companions of Jesus Christ were all Muslims [3:52, 5:111]

Muhammad [p.b.u.h] was commanded to be a Muslim [i.e. Submitter]

[6:163] "He has no partner. This is what I am commanded to believe, and I am the first to submit [ or embrace Islam]."

[10:72] I have been commanded to be a submitter [i.e. a Muslim]

[27:91…I am commanded to be a submitter [i.e. a Muslim]

[39:12] "And I am commanded to be the first and the foremost submitter [i.e. aMuslim]."

[40:66] …I was commanded to submit [i.e. to embrace Islam] to the Lord of the universe

The only religion Deen approved by Allah is ISLAAM [3:19, 5:3]

[21:108] Say: "What has come to me by inspiration is that your Allah is One Allah: will ye therefore become Muslims?"

[2:208] "O you who believe, you shall embrace total submission…"

[31:22] "Whoever submits his whole self to Allah, and is a doer of good, has grasped indeed the most trustworthy hand-hold"

In 2:112, one of the outcomes of Submission to Allah is given as follows:

[2:112] "Indeed, who submit themselves to Allah and are the doer of the good, they will get their reward from their Lord and they will have nothing to fear nor will they grieve"

What is Deen?

The root of the word is D-Y-N د ـ ي ـ ن , which leads to the following primary meanings:

-To obey [some authority]

-To become obedient [to some authority]

-To become abased, submissive and obedient [to some authority]

-To serve [some authority]

 The word DEEN has the following primary meanings:

 -Obedience [to some authority]

-State of abasement and submissiveness [to some authority]

-Service [of some authority]

There are other meanings of the word  deen as well, such as: “a particular law”, “a statute” “an ordinance”, “requital”, “recompense”, “judgement”, “reckoning”, etc. but when the preposition “la” OR “laam” ل is used with deen دين , it particularly means, “obedience”. Please see the following verses:

 …lahu ad-deen… لَهُ الدِّينَ

  [10:22, 16:52, 29:65, 31:32, 39:2, 39:11, 40:14, 40:65, 98:5]

 which means:

 “Ad-Deen [i.e. obedience] is only to Him [i.e. Allah]”

The verse 42:13 indicates IQAAMAT-e-DEEN, i.e. the setting up or establishment of Ad-deen.

أَقِيمُوا الدِّينَ

 "…aqeemoo alddeena…" [42:13]

which means:

 “…Establish Ad-Deen…”

 As Ad-deen is of Allah [10:22, 16:52, 29:6531:32, 39:2, 39:11, 40:14, 40:65, 98:5], so “…Establish Ad-Deen…” is actually “…Establish Allah's Deen”, which means “…establish a way of life in which obedience is only of Allah…”

 Now let us see verse 3:19, which says,

إِنَّ الدِّينَ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ الإسْلامُ

 Ad-deen approved by Allah is AL-ISLAM.

The primary meanings of Al-ISLAM are:

- Submission and obedience to Allah 
- Humility, submissiveness and conformance to the Laws of Allah

-Taking upon oneself what Allah Has ordained and His Messenger practically demonstrated and conveyed to the mankind

Now let us see 12:40:

إِنِ الْحُكْمُ إِلا لِلَّهِ أَمَرَ أَلا تَعْبُدُوا إِلا إِيَّاهُ ذَلِكَ الدِّينُ الْقَيِّمُ

 …Verily Al-HUKM belong to none but Allah and He has commanded that you should serve none except Him; This is Ad-Deen-e-Qayyam… [12:40]

 Notice the use of the word Al-HUKM [from which the word HAKOOMAT is derived] in context of Deen.

 Now let us consider verses  مَالِكِ يَوْمِ الدِّينِ 1:4 and 82:18-19

  ثُمَّ مَا أَدْرَاكَ مَا يَوْمُ الدِّينِ 
يَوْمَ لا تَمْلِكُ نَفْسٌ لِنَفْسٍ شَيْئًا وَالأمْرُ يَوْمَئِذٍ لِلَّهِ ,

where the word Ad-Deen is used with the word “MAALIK” and “TAMLIK”. The root of the words  “MAALIK” and “TAMLIK” is M-L-K.

 MULK means the following:

-Dominion

-Sovereignty

-Authority

-Kingship

-Rule

-Ownership, etc.

 According to 82:18-19, YAUM-ul-DEEN is the time, day, era, age, zamaanawhen none have the sovereignty, authority or dominion except Allah.

 Now if we take it all together – the word Deen and its meaning as obedience, ordinance, a particular law-the word Islam and its meanings as submission and obedience - IQAAMAT-e-DEEN and its meaning as establishing Deen - the wordMULK and its meanings as sovereignty, rule, kingship - the use of word Al-Hukmin context of Deen - this would lead to the following conclusions:

 Deen is not just about some rituals but it is about:

-Obedience to Allah,

-Submission to the Laws of Allah, and

-Establishment of the sovereignty, kingship and the rule of Allah

Now let us take the word MADDHAB مذهب.

 DHAHABA ذهب means “he went”. MADDHAB مذهب has the following meanings:

- A place to which one goes

-A way, course, mode or manner of acting or conduct or the like

-A way that one pursues in respect of doctrines and practices

-A way of believing, opining, thinking or judging

-A belief, a creed, a persuasion, a doctrine, an opinion, a tenet, a body of tenets

-A school of thought

Religion

 There is no definitive agreed-upon definition of religion. It has the following meanings: 

-Belief in and reverence for a supernatural power or powers regarded as creator and governor of the universe.

-A personal or institutionalized system grounded in such belief and worship.

-The life or condition of a person in a religious order.

-A set of beliefs, values, and practices based on the teachings of a spiritual leader.

-A cause, principle, or activity pursued with zeal or conscientious devotion.

 Summary:

A careful reading of the above will indicate that Deen is not same as religion orMaddhab. MADDHAB and DEEN are both Arabic words and have entirely different meanings and connotations. The meaning and concept of religion is more close to MADDHAB rather than Deen.

What is Imaan?

The root of the word IMAAN is A-M-N, which primarily means "to trust, be secure, be in safety, confine in". The word IMAAN has the following meanings:

-The believing or Belief or Conviction

-Becoming true to the trust with respect to which Allah Has confided in one, by a firm believing with the heart, not by profession of belief with the tongue only, without the assent of the heart

-The manifesting humility or submission, and the accepting of the Divine Law and the firm believing thereof with the heart

-Faith

-Trust

-Confidence

-Acknowledgement

-Submission

What is IMAAN about?

IMAAN is about having a firm believing with the heart in 5 Realities [2:177]:

1. Allah

2. The Hereafter

3. Malaika

4. The Divine Guidance

5. The Prophets

The one who believes in the above five realities is Momin and the one who denies or rejects them is not Momin [4:136].

The most important point is that IMAAN in the above should be with the concept of these that is given in Quran. IMAAN on the manmade concept of Allah, the hereafter, Malaika, the Divine Guidance and the Prophets, is not the correctIMAAN.

Another reality that is mentioned in context of IMAAN is AL-GHAIB {Unseen} [2:3]. There are different types of UNSEEN described in Quran. The following are some examples:

Allah is UNSEEN [21:49, 35:18, 36:11, 50:33, 67:12]

Life after death is UNSEEN [27:65-66]

Everlasting paradise in the hereafter is UNSEEN[19:61] 
AL-SAA'AT [the day of judgment] is UNSEEN [16:77, 32:5-6, 34:3, 72:25-26]

The WAHI [revelation], before it is revealed, is UNSEEN [3:44, 11:49, 81:24]

Something/Someone that is not in front of our eyes [i.e. absent] is UNSEEN [12:52]

The events of the past , of which we do not have knowledge, may be UNSEEN [18:25-26]

IMAAN in the Unseen is the IMAAN in Allah, the Hereafter and the Unseen consequences of our actions which has not yet manifested

There is no mention of IMAAN on TAQDEER or pre-destination in the Quran.

The importance of Reason in IMAAN

And do not follow (blindly) any information of which you have no (direct) knowledge. (Using your faculties of perception and conception, you must verify it for yourself. (In the Court of your Lord,) you will be held accountable for your hearing, sight, and the faculty of reasoning." [17:36]

The Believers (Mu'minin) according to the Qur'an, are:

[25:73] "Those who, when the revelations of their Rabb (Nourisher and Sustainer) are presented to them, do not fall thereat deaf and blind."

[8:22] "The worst of beasts in the sight of Allah are the deaf and dumb who do not use their intellect to understand."

[7:179] "There are many among Jinns and human beings, who lead such a life as makes it obvious that they are meant for Hell. They have hearts wherewith they understand not, they have eyes wherewith they see not, and they have ears wherewith they hear not; they are like cattle-nay, are worse; they are the heedless."

Just SAYING that "I am a believer" does not make one a believer

"And there are some people who say: We believe in Allah and the last day; and they are not at all believers." [2:8]

IMAAN is not just "uttering something with the tongue"; it is a strong conviction from the bottom of the heart [5:41, 49:14]

IMAAN is not "saying" something but "doing" something [2:8, 61:2-3]

There are real tests to see whether we are true believers or not [29:2-3]

True believers are those:

-Who bow down or submit themselves with obedience to Allah and follow His Commands [5:55, 32:15, 2:121]

-Who work deeds of righteousness [17:9, 18:2]

-Who strive with their wealth and lives in the cause of Allah [8:74, 49:15]

-Who give themselves and their wealth in the cause of Allah [9:111]

-Who establish As-Salat [8:2-4, 5:55]

-Who set up the system of ZAKAAT [5:55] and spend their wealth (for the welfare of humanity) [8:2-4]

What is Taqwa?

Waqa [root: و ق ي ]

I waqahu وقاه to preserve ( ھsomething) [LL, HW, LQ]; to take good of ( ھsomething) [LQ, HW]; to be cautious of (something) [LL]; to safeguard, shield, shelter, preserve, protect, keep (ھ ه someone from); to guard (ھ ه someone against); to protect, offer or afford protection (ھ against); to prevent, obviate (ھ a danger) [HW]; to preserve (a thing) against any harm or injury or damage [R]

VIII ittaqa اتقى to preserve or guard oneself exceedingly or extraordinarily; to put a thing between oneself and another to preserve or guard oneself [LL]; to take as a shield [AM]

اتقى المطر  to seek shelter from rain [HW]

وقى waqy protection; safeguard [HW] 

وقاء waqa, wiqa protection; prevention [HW]

وقاية wiqaya(tun) a preservative [LL]

واق waaqin preserving; guarding; protecting; preventive; preservative; guardian; protector [13:34, 13:37, 40:21]

The meanings of the root wa-qaf-ya و ق ي is demonstrated in 16:81, where garments are mentioned as a means for protection from heat, and coats of armour for protection in fighting.

Protection from soo-al-azab is mentioned in 39:24

Protection from azab-al-jaheem is mentioned in 44:56, 52:18

Protection from azab-as-samoom is mentioned in 52:27

Protection from azab-an-naar is mentioned in 2:201, 3:16

Protection from evil (soo’) of the plots of people is mentioned in 40:45

Protection from evil (shar) of a stern, distressful day is mentioned in 76:11

Protection from niggardliness or being culpably and greedily desirous nafs is mentioned in 59:9, 64:16 [also see 4:128, 33:19 for niggardliness of nafs]

Protection from the possible harm from the disbelievers is mentioned in 3:28

Protection from fitna (affliction, tribulation) is mentioned in 8:25

Keeping form evil deeds is mentioned in 40:9

Guarding against the Day when all actions will encounter Absolute Justice and no person will avail another, and neither intercession, nor any compensation will be accepted. And no one will be helped (except by their own actions) [2:48, also see 2:123, 2:281]

[also see 36:45]

The verses in which the object of the verb form Ittiqa is An-naar [2:24, 3:131, 66:6]

The verses in which the object of the verb form ittiqa is Rabb (Allaha) [2:189, 2:194, 2:196, 2:203, 2:223, 2:231, 2:233, 2:278, 2:282, 3:50, 3:102, 3:123, 3:130, 3:200, 4:1, 4:9, 4:131, 5:2, 5:4, 5:7, 5:8, 5:11, 5:35, 5:57, 5:88, 5:96, 5:100, 5:108, 5:112, 6:72, 9:119, 33:70, 57:28, 58:9, 59:18, 8:29, 8:1, 11:78, 26:108, 26:110, 26:126, 26:131, 26:144, 26:150, 26:163, 26:179, 29:16, 30:31, 33:55, 43:63, 64:16, 65:10, 71:3] [3:198, 4:1, 22:1, 31:33, 39:10, 39:20, 39:73, 23:52]

Allah will protect Al-Muttaqeen from Azab-al-jaheem [44:56, 52:18][ Allah is the protector [40:7]; Al-Muttaqeen are the protected][52:27]

The phrase Ittaqoo-(A)llah cannot be rendered as ‘protect or guard yourself from Allah’, since Allah is not to be protected from but He is the Protector and the Guardian as 44:56, 52:18 indicate. The correct rendition may be as, ‘Take Allah as your Protector (or Guardian)’. Or it may be ‘Guard or protect yourself against the inevitable harmful consequences of violating Allah’s Commands (by carefully complying with His Guidance)’ .

Taqwa or the protection (from the harmful consequences of violating Allah’s Commands) may be achieved by:

Following the Right Guidance (i.e. the Guidance given in the Quran) [47:17, 39:28]

Following Sirat-e-Mutaqeem, as elucidated in the Quran [6:153]

Rendering Ibada to Allah (i.e. compliance with the Commands of Allah in all walks of life) [2:21]

[Also see,  2:63, 2:179, 2:183, 2:187,  2:237, 5:8, 6:51, 6:69, 7:164, 7:171]

The phrase Ittaqoo-(A)llah may also be rendered as:

‘Take Allah as a Protector (or Guardian) against the harms of this life and the hereafter [such harms as are mentioned in 39:24, 44:56, 52:18, 52:27, 2:201, 3:16, 40:45, 76:11, 59:9, 64:16, 3:28, 8:25, 2:48, 2:123, 2:281, 2:24, 3:131, 66:6] by complying with His Guidance with full care and attention [because the compliance results in taqwa (2:21, 47:17, 39:28, 6:153)]’

Or in short:

‘Take Allah as your Guardian against the harms of this life and the hereafter by complying with His Guidance with full care and attention’

The phrase Ittaqoo-(A)llah is better NOT rendered as ‘fear Allah’, since, ittiqa does not mean ‘fear’.

******

In 19:85-86, the word Al-Muttaqeen has been used in contrast to Al-Mujrimeen. So Al-Muttaqeen are never Al-Mujrimeen (i.e. the criminals or, more specifically, the exploiters or those who wrongfully devour the fruits of other’s labour). The wordAl-mujrimeen has also been used vs. Al-Muslimeen (i.e. those who submit to the Commands of Allah) [68:35]. Hence, Al-Muttaqeen are those who submit to the commands of Allah.

In 19:97, the word Al-Muttaqeen has been used vs. Qauman luddan (i.e. those people who are contentious, vehemently opposed, adversaries perverted to the Truth or deaf to the Truth).

In 38:28, the word Al-Muttaqeen has been used vs. Al-Fujjar (which means here those who disintegrate or lose cohesion with Allah’s Guidance). So Al-Muttaqeenare those who do not lose cohesion but cohere or adhere to or stick to Allah’s Guidance.

In 91:8, the word taqwa has been used vs. fujoor. Fujoor here means disintegration and decay while taqwa signifies preservation (of nafs against disintegration and decay)

In 13:35, the word Al-kafireen  has been used vs. those with ittiqa.

In 5:2, the word taqwa has been used vs. udwan (i.e. transgressing or exceeding beyond the Divine Limits). So taqwa is keeping within the Divine Limits.

In 26:90-91, the word Al-Muttaqeen is used vs. Al-Ghaveen [i.e. who deviate from the right way by withdrawing from the Revelations of Allah (7:175)]. So Al-Muttaqeen are those who do not withdraw but hold fast to the Revelations of Allah.

******

Some of the characteristics of Muttaqeen/muttaqoon mentioned in the Quran are given below:

-Those who believe in Al-ghaib, establish salat, and keep open for the welfare for others what Allah has bestowed upon them [2:3]. Those who believe in Allah’s Revelations and Al-Akhira [2:4]

-Those who keep their wealth open for mankind in favourable as well as in adverse circumstances. They divert and sublimate their anger and potentially virulent emotions to creative energy, and become a source of tranquillity and comfort to people. They pardon people gracefully. Those who quickly correct any wrong or indecency that has occurred from them, they remember Allah, and protect themselves from trailing behind in dignity. They refrain from wilfully persisting in error. [3:133-135]

-Those who stand in awe of their Lord even in privacy, and fear the approaching Hour of accountability [21:48-49]

-Those who are the doers of the good; who rarely fall asleep at night (without reflection); who heartily seek to be guarded against their imperfections. Those in whose wealth is the Divine Right of the requester and the deprived [51:15-19]

-Those who keep on guard and when a visitation from Shaitan comes, they become mindful [7:201]

-Those who believe in Allah and the Last Day and struggle in the way of Allah with their lives and their wealth [9:44]

-Those who give away their wealth [92:17-18]

-Those who have conviction in Allah and the Last Day and the Angels and the Book and the Prophets, and give their wealth that they loves in reverence of Him, to:

Family and relatives 
Orphans 
Widows 
Those left helpless in the society 
Those whose hard-earned income fails to meet their basic needs 
Those whose running businesses have stalled 
The ones who have lost their jobs 
Whose life has stalled for any reason 
The disabled 
The needy wayfarer, son of the street, the homeless, the one who travels to you for assistance 
Those who ask for help, and 
Those whose necks are burdened with any kind of bondage, oppression, crushing debts and extreme hardship of labor.

(‘Yatim’, ‘Miskin’, ‘Ibnis Sabeel’, ‘Fir-Riqab’ carry all the meanings given above).

-They (the truly righteous) strive to establish the Divine System, and set up the Just Economic Order. They are true to their promises whenever they make a promise. They remain steadfast in physical or emotional distress and in times of peril.

-Those who are in the pure and desirable state when malaika come to take their lives [16:31-32]

******

In 2:2, 3:138 and 5:46, it has been stated that the Quran is huda(n)-lil-muttaqeen. This means that the Quran is guidance to the mode of life of those who preserve themselves from the perils [of this life and the Hereafter]. It may also be rendered as that Quran is the Guidance for those who wish to be preserved (and remain so) from the harms or perils of this life and the hereafter. As can be seen in 47:17,hidayat results in Taqwa (and NOT the vice versa). The verse 39:28 also makes clear that the purpose of the Quran is taqwa (of those who would follow it). So, the Quran is hidayat for becoming muttaqeen and also for remaining so. The similar rendition may also apply in 21:48, 24:34, 69:48. A paradisiacal life in this world and the hereafter is for those who become muttaqeen (by following Allah’s Guidance) [3:133, 19:63, 26:90, 43:35, 50:31, 68:34, ]

....

References:

Al-Qur'an 

LL: Lane’s Lexicon by E. W. Lane

LA: Lisan-ul-Arab by Ibn-e-Manzoor

M: Mufradat fi Gharib-ul-Quran by Raghib

K: Kamoos-ul-Muheet by Muhammad bin Yaqoob Al-Feroz Abadi

LQ: Lughat-ul-Quran by G.A. Parvez

AM: Dictionary of the Quran by Abdul Mannan

HW: Hans-Wehrs dictionary of modern Arabic

What is Shirk?

In 12:106, Allah says that majority of those who consider themselves believers are in fact, MUSHRIKEEN.

012:106 And most of them believe not in Allah without doing SHIRK!

The following forms of Shirk have been given in the Quran

1. Taking human beings from among ourselves as Lords or Patrons besides Allah

3:64 Say, “O People of the Book! Let us come to a mutual agreement, that we shall worship and obey none but God. That neither shall we ascribe divinity to anyone beside Him, nor shall we take human beings from among ourselves as our lords beside God.” And if they turn away, then say, “Bear witness that it is we who have surrendered ourselves unto Him.”

2. Taking angels or Prophets as Lords or Patrons besides Allah

3:80 Nor would he instruct you to take the angels and the Prophets for lords and patrons. Would he command you to disbelieve after you have surrendered to Allah?

3. Taking Ahbaar and Rahbaan (religious authorities) as Lords and Patrons besides Allah

9:31 They take their rabbis, priests and monks or ascetics to be their Lords* besides Allah. And they take as their Lord, the Messiah son of Mary. Yet they were commanded to worship but One God. There is no god but He. Praise and Glory to Him, He is far too Glorious for what they ascribe to Him. (*Talmud shows the Jewish superstition of ascribing divinity to Ezra, rabbis, saints, doctors of law and learned men. And the doctrine of Papal infallibility, divinity of saints and praying to them are common in the Roman Catholic Church).

9:34 O You who have chosen to be graced with belief! A great many religious leaders, rabbis, priests, monks, mullahs, yogis, and mystics devour the wealth of mankind in falsehood, and debar them from the Path of Allah. All those who hoard up gold and silver and spend it not in the Cause of Allah, to them give tidings (O Prophet) of a painful doom.

12:39 “O My prison mates! Are several Lords differing among themselves better, or Allah, the One, the Insuperable?”

4. Worshipping, obeying and adoring [IBADAT of] anything besides Allah

4:36 Obey, adore and worship Allah and associate no partner with Him…

18:110 Say (O Prophet), "I am but a mortal man like all of you. It is revealed to me that your God is the One and Only God. Hence, whoever looks forward to meeting His Sustainer, let him do works that help others, and let him admit no one as partner in the service [Ibadat] of his Sustainer. ”

24:55 Allah has promised that those of you peoples who will believe in the Divine Laws and strengthen human resources, He will surely make them rulers in the earth - Just as He granted rule to the previous nations (28:6), (33:27). He will surely establish for them the System of life that He has approved for them, and will replace their fear with peace and security. All this because they serve Me alone. They ascribe no partner to Me. But all who, after this, deny these Laws will drift out (of the community of living nations. The ‘belief’ in this verse does not pertain to any dogmas and tenets, but to the realization that the entire Universe is operating under the unchangeable Physical Laws of One Supreme Authority, thus providing the basis for all Science and Technology).

5. Taking Masters [Wali] other than Allah

6:14 Say, “Shall I take for my master [Wali] other than Allah Who is the Initiator of the heavens and the earth? And He provides all without return. Feeds but is not fed.” Say, “ I have been commanded to be the foremost among those who surrender to Him and ascribe not divinity besides Him.”

6. Taking ILAH other than Allah

6:19 Say (O Messenger), "What could be the greatest witness?” Say, “Allah is Witness between me and you. This Qur’an has been revealed to me so that I may warn you as well as whomever it reaches. Do you bear witness that there are other deities besides Allah?” Say, “I bear no such witness.” Say, “He is the One God [ILAH]. I disown what you associate with Him.”

7. Taking Jinns as partners of Allah

6:100 Yet, there are people who think falsely that there are invisible creatures, Jinns, with occult powers that share the Divine Attributes. But He has created them, and people assign sons and daughters to Him out of sheer ignorance. Glorified, Exalted is He, infinitely Above what they ascribe to Him.

8. Obeying devil-inspired people

6:121 Eat not anything (not just meat) unless the Name of Allah has been pronounced first, for that will mean drifting away from Commands. The rebellious or devils [among people] inspire their companions to dispute with you. If you people obey them, you will be associating others with Allah.

9. Calling upon others [graves, mystics, saints, idols, etc.] besides Allah for help

7:189 (The Message encompasses life in its totality.) Recall that Allah created life from a single life cell, then made male and female cells, and then shaped you into human beings, males and females. He designed it such that man might incline with love towards the woman. When he gets intimate with her, she carries a light load that she can hardly notice. As she grows heavy with the child, they both implore Allah, their Lord, “If you indeed grant us a healthy baby, we shall certainly be among the grateful.”

7:190 But as soon as He grants them a sound baby, they begin to ascribe to other powers beside Him a share in bringing about what He has granted them. Exalted is He, High Above all that they associate with Him.

7:191 Do they ascribe to Him as partners things that can create nothing, but are themselves created?

7:192 And they cannot help them, nor can they help themselves.

7:193 When you invite them to the Guidance, they follow you not. It is the same for you whether you invite them or remain silent.

7:194 Those whom you call upon besides Allah, [such as mystics and saints], are people like you. Go ahead and call upon them, let them respond by helping you if you are true in your belief.

7:195 Do the idols have feet to walk, hands to hold, eyes to see and ears to hear? (Likewise, these human demigods have no foundation of Truth to stand on, nor the power to avert Requital, nor the faculties of confronting Reason). Tell the opponents of the Message, "Call upon your idols and your so-called partners of Allah, contrive what you can, and give me no respite.

7:196 My Protecting Friend [Wali] is Allah Who has revealed this Book, and He befriends the righteous.”

7:197 Whomever you call instead of Him, have no power to help you, nor can they help themselves.

7:198 Such people are lost in their reverence of false deities. When you invite them to Guidance, they hear without listening and you see them looking at you, but they see not.

28:87 And let them not divert you from Allah's Revelations after they have been sent down unto you. But, invite people to your Lord and be not among Mushrikeen.

28:88 (Keeping pristine the Divinely ordained System of Life) call not upon [human ‘authorities’ and man-made systems as] gods side by side with Allah. There is no god but He. Everything is mortal except His Eternal Self. To Him belong all Governance and all Judgment, and unto Him you shall be returned.

34:22 Say, “Call upon those whom you imagine beside Allah! They have not an atom’s weight of power either in the heavens or in the earth, nor have they any share in either, nor does He need any of them as a helper.”

10. To ascribe Allah’s partners in His Kingship or dominion [maalikiyyat]

17:111 And say, "All Praise is due to Allah Who begets not an offspring, and has no partner in His Dominion, and has absolutely no weakness, hence no need of any aid." And so, extol His limitless Greatness.

25:2 (The Sender of this Criterion is) He to Whom belongs the Kingship of the heavens and the earth. He has chosen no son, nor does He have a partner in His Kingship. He it is Who creates all things in precise design and gives them the potential to become what they are meant to be.

11. To ascribe Allah’s partners in His Command or Rule [Hukm]

18:26 Say, “Allah knows best how long they remained there.” His alone is the knowledge of the hidden reality of the heavens and the earth. How well does He see and hear! They have no guardian apart from Him and He shares His Command or Rule with none whosoever

12. To ascribe Allah’s partners in His Lordship [Raboobiyyat]

18:38 “As for me, God is my Lord and I will never associate any other god besides my Lord.”

18:42 And thus it happened. One day, the arrogant man’s fruitful gardens were indeed wiped out. And there he was, twisting and turning his hands in sorrow. He lost his property which was now tumbled to pieces in complete ruin. And he could only say, "Oh, I wish I never worshiped anyone (even my property) instead of my Lord!”

72:2 “It shows the way to Enlightenment, so we have come to believe in it. And we shall never again ascribe a partner unto our Lord.”

72:20 Say, "I call unto my Lord alone and associate no one with Him (I heed no one against His Laws)."

13. To be divided into sects

30:31 Turn unto Him alone then, and be mindful of Him, and establish the Divine System and be not of the MUSHRIKEEN who ascribe authorities along with Him. (2:213).

30:32 The MUSHRIKEEN who split up their religion, and become sects - each sect delighting in whatever beliefs they have. ((3:104), (6:160), (23:53), (42:13). Sectarianism is invariably based upon taking humans as ‘authorities’).

14. Failing to establish the Just Economic System of Zakat

41:6 (O Prophet) say to them, "I am only a human being like you. It has been revealed to me that your God is One God. Therefore, march along the Straight Road to Him and seek the protection of His forgiveness. And (know that) there is nothing in store but loss for them who associate ‘partners’ with Him." (‘Wayl’ = Woe = Ultimate loss).

41:7 Those who (because of submitting to man-made systems) fail to set up the Just Economic Order of Zakat and thus practically deny (the accountability in) the life to come. (And the long-term prosperity and viability of their societies).

Iman-e-Mufassil and Iman-e-Mujmal

IMAN-E-MUJMAL (The Summary Declaration of Faith)

I have faith in Allah as He is known by His Names and attributes
and I accept all His commands.

IMAN-E-MUFASSIL (The Detailed Declaration of Faith)

I have faith in Allah and His Angels, His Books and His Messengers, and the Day of Judgement and that all good and evil and fate is from Almighty Allah and it is sure that there will be resurrection after death **

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